Working Paper: CEPR ID: DP16314
Authors: Felix Kersting; Nikolaus Wolf
Abstract: What are the origins of national identity? We investigate the success of propaganda as one the first nation-building policies conducted in the German lands around 1815. To elicit identity changes at the level of individuals we use data on first names across German cities and villages. To validate the approach of using first names, we show that soldiers with national names had a higher likelihood to be honored for bravery during the German-French War. Exploiting unanticipated border changes together with variation within the same families over time, i.e., family fixed effects, we find that parents in treated cities responded by choosing national (rather than ruler) first names for their children. We do not find a corresponding increase in villages suggesting that national identity was more prevalent among the urban population, in particular the elite, during this period.
Keywords: national identity; Prussia; Germany; first names; nation-building
JEL Codes: Z13; N43
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| National first name choices (I39) | Individual identities (B31) |
| Nation-building policies (F52) | National first name choices (I39) |
| Parents' name choices (J12) | National identity policies (F52) |
| Family fixed effects (J12) | Unobserved characteristics (C29) |
| Parents without national family tradition (J12) | National first name choices (I39) |