Working Paper: CEPR ID: DP16195
Authors: Hans K. Hvide; Julian Johnsen
Abstract: Existing research has found negative short-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health problems, but longer-term effects have been less documented. Using newly released register data on all general practitioner consultations in Norway through 2020 (about 14 million consultations in total), we find that during the spring and early summer 2020, the number of psychological cases initially increased relative to prior years, but then fell back towards the level of prior years during the summer 2020. In early September 2020, the number of cases accelerated, a pattern that held up through December 2020, so that the gap between 2020 and prior years became largest end-of-year. Our findings suggest that the accumulated effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health far exceeds the short-term effects. The effects were particularly strong for females and for residents in urban areas.
Keywords: primary care; mental health; psychological disorder; psychological symptoms
JEL Codes: I18; I19
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| COVID-19 pandemic (H12) | increase in psychological cases (I12) |
| accumulated stress effects from lockdowns and restrictions (I12) | increase in psychological cases (I12) |
| psychological cases in 2020 (E71) | psychological cases in 2017-2019 (D91) |
| increase in psychological cases (I12) | long-term mental health consequences of the pandemic (E71) |
| gender (female) (J16) | increase in psychological cases (I12) |
| urban status (R11) | increase in psychological cases (I12) |