Working Paper: CEPR ID: DP12967
Authors: Andrei A. Levchenko; Javier Cravino; Ting Lan
Abstract: We document that the prices of the goods consumed by high-income households are more sticky and less volatile than those of the goods consumed by middle-income households. This implies that monetary shocks can have distributional consequences by affecting the relative prices of the goods consumed at different points on the income distribution. We use a Factor-Augmented VAR (FAVAR) model to show that, following a monetary policy shock, the estimated impulse responses of high-income households' consumer price indices are 22% lower than those of the middle-income households. We then evaluate the macroeconomic implications of our empirical findings in a quantitative New-Keynesian model featuring households that are heterogeneous in their income and consumption patterns, and sectors that are heterogeneous in their frequency of price changes. We find that: (i) the distributional consequences of monetary policy shocks are large and similar to those in the FAVAR model, and (ii) greater income inequality increases the effectiveness of monetary policy, although this effect is modest for realistic changes in inequality.
Keywords: inflation; distributional effects; consumption baskets; monetary policy
JEL Codes: E31; E52
Edges that are evidenced by causal inference methods are in orange, and the rest are in light blue.
| Cause | Effect |
|---|---|
| CPI of High-Income Households (D19) | Price Stickiness (E31) |
| CPI of Middle-Income Households (D19) | Price Stickiness (E31) |
| Monetary Policy Shocks (E39) | CPI of High-Income Households (D19) |
| Monetary Policy Shocks (E39) | CPI of Middle-Income Households (D19) |
| Greater Income Inequality (D31) | Effectiveness of Monetary Policy (E52) |
| CPI of High-Income Households (D19) | Standard Deviation of CPI (C43) |